Here is the Mini Testing device Lab on your hand for the Early diagnosis of cancer!!

 Molecular messengers between cells

Birth, life and death involve the integration of complex array of biosignals that living cells sense and process to respond to adopt the modifications of their environment.

The signals sent and received by the cells during their whole existence are essential for the harmonious development of tissues, organs and bodies. They also control movement, thought and behavior.

Dysfunctioning of these cell networks is associated with pathological situations that can range from abnormal proliferations to death.

Deciphering the molecular basis for the coordinated treatment biological signals is a challenge. It will provide better insight into the processes controlling biological activities such as growth , differentiation and quiesence. It will also open the road for new therapies in order to fight with diseases resulting from improper signalling.

Numerous studies have permitted to decipher the various steps of signal transduction, i.e. the propagation of chemical signals, from the outside of the cell to the nucleus and establish their critical function in the maintenance of normal cell behavior. Because of their key role in the control of normal life, and because alterations of the signal transduction pathways have been associated to the development of many types of pathologies including cancer, these processes have been the subject of thousands of publication.

Lab-on-a-chip

Yong Zeng, assistant professor of chemistry at the University of Kansas and his fellow researchers developed the lab-on-a-chip initially for early detection of lung cancer- the number-one cancer killer in the U.S.

Lung cancer is currently detected mostly with an invasive biopsy, after tumors are larger than 3 centimeters in diameter and even metastatic. 

" Using the lab-on-chip, lung cancer could be detected much earlier, using only a drop of a patients's blood, according to Zeng."

Developing blood-based tests is appealing for non-invasive disease diagnosis, especially when biopsy is difficult, costly, and sometimes not even an option. Tumour- derived exosomes have attracted increasing interest in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response.

A new microfluidic approach was developed to streamline and expedite the exosome analysis pipeline by integrating specific immunoisolation and targeted protein analysis of circulating exosomes. 

This technique provides a general platform to detect tumour-derived exosomes for cancer diagnosis. The device is made up of widely used silicone rubber called polydimethylsiloxane and uses a technique called "on- chip-immunoisolation".

We can foresee that the microfluidic exosome analysis platform will form the basis of  critically needed infrastructure for advancing the biology and clinical utilization of exosomes.

References

 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis

https://tmrresearchblog.com/increased-government-initiatives-propel-exosome-diagnostic-therapeutic-market/ 

https://biosignaling.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1478-811X-1-3 

https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/diagnosing-cancer/tests-and-procedures 

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-diagnosis/art-20046459