Do you know world is changing because of Nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology 

Nanotechnologyis the science.
It  deals with the matter at the scale of 1 billionth of a meter(i.e.,10^-9 m = 1nm)

Generally , the size of the nanoparticle spans the range between 1 and 100 nm.How a nanoparticle is viewed and is defined very much on the specific Application? Lets see.

The physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials depend not only on their composition but also the particle size and shape.

The shape of nanoparticles is an important factor that determines the nature of the surface Plasmon resonance band just as the size of the nanoparticles did.

An interesting feature of nanoparticles is the size

Applications of metallic nanoparticles are seen in optical, catalytic,thermal, electrical, mechanical, magnetic functions.

Applications of nanoparticles in paints:

One of the most interesting aspects of metal nanoparticles is that theit optical properties depend strongly upon the particle size and shape. Paints that containnanoparticles cannot be removed as easily as can classical paint. However, because of high costs, paints with nanoparticles are used only in limited applications.

Metal  nanoparticles have also been used in enamel color paints in pottery. Au nanoparticles were used , then high quality red paint could be made with high transparency. Research into iron oxide nanoparticles in paints has also been carried out.

In chemical catalysis:

A gold material is inactive as a catalyst in hydrogenation and oxidation reactions. However , when Au nanoparticles are used, they work effectively as catalyst discovered by Haruta. The catalytic action is rapid as the size of the Au particle is small in catalyzed oxidation reactions. 

For example , in order to oxidize CO with a Pt catalyst, a temperature of not less than 100℃ is needed. However ,with an Au nanoparticle as a catalyst, reaction can even occur at temperatures below 0℃

In microwiring:

Metal nanoparticle paste is used for circuit pattern formation of a printed wired board in the electronic industry. Whenever particles at the nanoscale are used, the wiring width is thin to a nano level. Formation of nanoparticle wiring can use an ink-jet method , a method that is both inexpensive and requires shorter times than vacuum evaporation and photolithographic methods that are typically used.

Generally, Au is used to make the metal nanoparticle paste. However , it is expensive , so that substitution of Cu nanoparticles has been proposed. Cu nanoparticles tend to be oxidized so that the pricess requires the presence of anti-oxidants.

In medical treatment:

An increase in the quantity of nanoparticles raises the scattering intensity. Taking advantage of this feature, the application to specific molecule recognition in a living body tissue is expected.

For example, by covering the cancer cells surface it becomes possible to distinguish a healthy cell from a cancer cell  by the presence of  Antibodies joined to Au nanoparticle.

Extraordinary Uses of nano particles in future aspects(nano-gold) :

 It is using a nature nanotechnology. Gold may be a tiny treasure in future. Half of the gold that comes from the ground is used to make a jewellery , gold bars and coins. We have been using gold in this way for thousands of years. Recently , the researchers have been using tiny amounts of gold in technology and 

medicine. In future,you could be drinking water cleaned by gold or taking gold medicines. 

It is a pretty boring metal in chemistry point of view as it doesn't reacts with any other materials , in nanoscale gold gets more interesting at the size of 50 nm it is a size of virus. 

Molecules of drugs can be attached to the gold surface. The gold can carry these drug to the body where they are needed. Gold is a good delivery vehicle as it doesn’t reacts with other particles in the body.

 

Because gold is a metal it makes its electron to move around when a particular wavelength of light is used , this electrons can oscillate in same frequency. This property is used in killing cancer cells, the antibodies with the rod shaped nanoparticle can be attached to a cancer cell and not the healthy cells, then infra red light is used to oscillate their electrons, at particular temperature the tumour cell is killed.

Golden nanoparticles at different sizes can absorb different wavelengths of light. Gathering these nanoparticles to absorb sunlight can be efficiently used in solar cells.